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Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin〔His last name is often transliterated as ''Zamiatin'' or ''Zamjatin''. His first name is sometimes translated as ''Eugene''.〕 (; January 20 (Julian) / February 1 (Gregorian), 1884 – March 10, 1937) was a Russian author of science fiction and political satire. He is most famous for his 1921 novel ''We'', a story set in a dystopian future police state. Despite having been a prominent Old Bolshevik, Zamyatin was deeply disturbed by the policies pursued by the CPSU following the October Revolution. In 1921, ''We'' became the first work banned by the Soviet censorship board. Ultimately, Zamyatin arranged for ''We'' to be smuggled to the West for publication. The subsequent outrage this sparked within the Party and the Union of Soviet Writers led directly to Zamyatin's successful request for exile from his homeland. Due to his use of literature to criticize Soviet society, Zamyatin has been referred to as one of the first Soviet dissidents. ==Early life== Zamyatin was born in Lebedyan, Tambov Governorate, south of Moscow. His father was a Russian Orthodox priest and schoolmaster, and his mother a musician. In a 1922 essay, Zamyatin recalled, "You will see a very lonely child, without companions of his own age, on his stomach, over a book, or under the piano, on which his mother is playing Chopin."〔''A Soviet Heretic: Essays by Yevgeny Zamyatin'',Edited and translated by Mirra Ginsburg, University of Chicago Press 1970. Page 3.〕 He may have had synesthesia since he gave letters and sounds qualities. For example, he saw the letter "Л" as having pale, cold, and light blue qualities.〔Introduction to Randall's translation of ''We''.〕 He studied naval engineering in Saint Petersburg from 1902 until 1908, during which time he joined the Bolsheviks. He was arrested during the Russian Revolution of 1905 and sent into internal exile in Siberia. However, he escaped and returned to Saint Petersburg where he lived illegally before moving to the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1906 to finish his studies. After returning to Russia, he began to write fiction as a hobby. He was arrested and exiled a second time in 1911, but amnestied in 1913. His ''Uyezdnoye'' (''A Provincial Tale'') in 1913, which satirized life in a small Russian town, brought him a degree of fame. The next year he was tried for maligning the Imperial Russian Military in his story ''Na Kulichkakh'' (''At the world's end''). He continued to contribute articles to various Marxist newspapers. After graduating as an engineer for the Imperial Russian Navy, Zamyatin worked professionally at home and abroad. In 1916 he was sent to the United Kingdom to supervise the construction of icebreakers 〔(The Russian writer who inspired Orwell and Huxley, Russia Beyond The Headlines )〕 at the shipyards in Walker and Wallsend while living in Newcastle upon Tyne. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yevgeny Zamyatin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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